Chapter 9 Studyguide
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that all living things share?
| a. | a cellular organization |
| b. | using energy |
| c. | movement |
| d. | reproduction |
A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes it to react is called
| a. | a response. |
| b. | a stimulus. |
| c. | energy. |
| d. | development. |
Which of the following would you use to identify an organism?
| a. | a domain |
| b. | a controlled experiment |
| c. | a taxonomic key |
| d. | a eukaryote |
To survive on Earth, the first cells needed the ability to
| a. | take in oxygen from the atmosphere. |
| b. | make their own food. |
| c. | use chemicals in their surroundings for energy. |
| d. | combine to form multicellular organisms. |
What is taxonomy?
| a. | the scientific study of how living things are classified |
| b. | the name of Aristotle’s classification system |
| c. | the process used by geologists to classify rocks |
| d. | the process of observing an organism’s behavior |
Why do scientists organize living things into groups?
| a. | so they can find them in the wild more easily |
| b. | so that the organisms are easier to study |
| c. | so they can make sense of the variety of rocks on Earth |
| d. | so products from living things can be easily found in groceries |
An organism’s scientific name consists of
| a. | its class name and its family name. |
| b. | its kingdom name and its phylum name. |
| c. | its genus name and its species name. |
| d. | its phylum name and its species name. |
Which is the broadest classification level?
| a. | family |
| b. | domain |
| c. | phylum |
| d. | species |
The more classification levels that two organisms share,
| a. | the closer together on Earth they live. |
| b. | the easier it is to tell them apart. |
| c. | the more characteristics they have in common. |
| d. | the more distantly related they are. |
What is one way in which scientists get information about the evolutionary history of species?
| a. | by comparing organisms’ body structures |
| b. | by observing where organisms live |
| c. | by observing what organisms eat |
| d. | by studying how organisms move |
One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is
| a. | how they move. |
| b. | where they live. |
| c. | their ability to make food. |
| d. | their ability to reproduce. |
Which group of organisms includes only multicellular heterotrophs?
| a. | protists |
| b. | bacteria |
| c. | plants |
| d. | animals |
Which classification level is broader than the kingdom level?
| a. | order |
| b. | class |
| c. | family |
| d. | domain |
What contribution of Charles Darwin had a major impact on classification?
| a. | binomial nomenclature |
| b. | taxonomy |
| c. | seven levels of classification |
| d. | his theory of evolution |
Which domain(s) include(s) only prokaryotes?
| a. | Bacteria and Archaea |
| b. | Bacteria only |
| c. | Archaea only |
| d. | Eukarya only |
Which of the following characteristics do all plants share?
| a. | being unicellular |
| b. | producing flowers |
| c. | being a prokaryote |
| d. | being an autotroph |
Which kingdoms include both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
| a. | fungi and plants |
| b. | fungi and protists |
| c. | protists and animals |
| d. | protists and plants |
An organism that makes its own food is called a(n)
| a. | heterotroph. |
| b. | eukaryote. |
| c. | autotroph. |
| d. | prokaryote. |
Taxonomic keys can be used to help determine the
| a. | size of organisms. |
| b. | needs of organisms. |
| c. | identity of organisms. |
| d. | behavior of organisms. |
One basis for placing organisms into different domains is
| a. | habitat. |
| b. | the chemical makeup of their cells. |
| c. | color. |
| d. | name. |
Modified True/False
A horse is a(n) heterotroph. _________________________
Hypotheses about the first forms of life on Earth are consistent with evidence obtained from fossils of organisms that lived about 3.5 billion years ago. _________________________
The scientific study of how organisms are classified is called binomial nomenclature. _________________________
Alligators and crocodiles are classified in the same order and therefore probably have different evolutionary histories. _________________________
Each genus of organisms is divided into classes. _________________________
Mushrooms, molds, and mildew are members of the fungi kingdom. _________________________
Archaea and Bacteria are two domains of eukaryotes. _________________________
In a controlled experiment, a scientist carries out two tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor. _________________________
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
A(n) ____________________ organism is a living thing that is composed of many cells.
Organisms that make their own food are called ____________________.
A(n) ____________________ consists of paired statements about the characteristics of different organisms.
The process of grouping things based on similarities is called ____________________.
Biologists find ____________________ useful because this scientific study gives them much information about an organism based on its classification.
The modern system of classification is based on the theory of ____________________, which was first proposed by Charles Darwin.
In the modern classification system used by biologists, the broadest level of organization is called a(n) ____________________.
Each genus of organisms contains one or more ____________________.
The ____________________ kingdom is the only kingdom of eukaryotes that contains both autotrophs and heterotrophs and both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Multicellular organisms are found in the protist, fungi, animal, and ____________________ kingdoms.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question
.Table of Classification Labels
| Classification Level | Aardwolf | Gray Wolf | Coyote | Lion | Blue Whale |
| Kingdom | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata | Chordata | Chordata | Chordata | Chordata |
| Class | Mammalia | Mammalia | Mammalia | Mammalia | Mammalia |
| Order | Carnivora | Carnivora | Carnivora | Carnivora | Cetacea |
| Family | Hyaenidae | Canidae | Canidae | Felidae | Balenopteridae |
| Genus | Proteles | Canis | Canis | Panthera | Balaenoptera |
| Species | Proteles cristatus | Canis lupus | Canis latrans | Panthera leo | Balaenoptera musculus |
What classification groups do all of the organisms in the table have in common?
Which of the organisms in the table is least similar to the others? Explain.
Which of the organisms in the table is (are) most similar to a tiger (Panthera tigris)? Explain.
Based on the information in the table, which two organisms would you say have the most similar evolutionary history? Explain.
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
