Chapter 1 Studyguide
Chapter 1 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called
| a. | observing. |
| b. | inferring. |
| c. | predicting. |
| d. | classifying. |
Observations that deal with a number or amount are called
| a. | manipulated observations. |
| b. | quantitative observations. |
| c. | qualitative observations. |
| d. | operational observations. |
Observations that deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers are called
| a. | manipulated observations. |
| b. | quantitative observations. |
| c. | qualitative observations. |
| d. | operational observations. |
Which of the following is a valid reason why a scientist might reject a scientific theory?
| a. | Some people disagree with it. |
| b. | It covers too broad a topic. |
| c. | New evidence contradicts it. |
| d. | It is too old. |
Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning from what you already know is called
| a. | observing. |
| b. | inferring. |
| c. | predicting. |
| d. | classifying. |
Making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence is called
| a. | observing. |
| b. | inferring. |
| c. | predicting. |
| d. | classifying. |
When scientists put things into categories or group together items that are alike in some way, they are
| a. | inferring. |
| b. | predicting. |
| c. | classifying. |
| d. | making models. |
When scientists create a representation of a complex process, they are
| a. | inferring. |
| b. | predicting. |
| c. | classifying. |
| d. | making models. |
A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question is called a(n)
| a. | prediction. |
| b. | hypothesis. |
| c. | theory. |
| d. | law. |
In science, a hypothesis must be
| a. | correct. |
| b. | manipulated. |
| c. | controlled. |
| d. | testable. |
During an experiment, which factors must be controlled so that researchers can draw a logical conclusion from the experiment?
| a. | variables |
| b. | operational definitions |
| c. | inquiries |
| d. | theories |
During an experiment, if you purposely change the temperature to test a hypothesis, the temperature is called the
| a. | manipulated variable. |
| b. | responding variable. |
| c. | operational variable. |
| d. | dependent variable. |
The factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable is called the
| a. | hypothetical variable. |
| b. | responding variable. |
| c. | operational variable. |
| d. | independent variable. |
Many nonscience careers require a knowledge of science because workers must
| a. | develop new scientific laws and theories. |
| b. | use materials and processes that follow scientific principles. |
| c. | use the process of scientific inquiry. |
| d. | keep up with new developments in science. |
In a scientific experiment, a statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term is called a(n)
| a. | operational definition. |
| b. | manipulated variable. |
| c. | responding variable. |
| d. | law. |
An organized way to collect and record scientific observations is with a(n)
| a. | model. |
| b. | inference. |
| c. | data table. |
| d. | operational definition. |
One useful tool that may help a scientist interpret data by revealing unexpected patterns is a
| a. | variable. |
| b. | graph. |
| c. | theory. |
| d. | law. |
A summary of what you have learned from a scientific experiment is called a(n)
| a. | hypothesis. |
| b. | inquiry. |
| c. | conclusion. |
| d. | law. |
Which stage of the scientific process enables a scientist to check the work of other scientists?
| a. | classifying |
| b. | concluding |
| c. | hypothesizing |
| d. | communicating |
A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results is called a scientific
| a. | inquiry. |
| b. | hypothesis. |
| c. | theory. |
| d. | law. |
A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions is a
| a. | scientific inquiry. |
| b. | scientific hypothesis. |
| c. | scientific theory. |
| d. | scientific law. |
Being able to identify good sources of scientific information and apply the knowledge to problems in your life is a part of having
| a. | scientific hypotheses. |
| b. | scientific inquiry. |
| c. | scientific literacy. |
| d. | scientific laws. |
True/False
A(n) hypothesis is a statement that describes how to measure a particular variable or define a particular term.
In a scientific experiment, the one variable that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis is called the manipulated variable.
Having scientific inquiry means that you understand basic scientific terms and principles well enough that you can evaluate information, make personal decisions, and take part in public affairs.
Thinking and questioning is the start of the scientific inquiry process.
Completion
27. ____________________, which is the process of grouping together items that are alike in some way, helps a scientist organize information.
28. Scientific ____________________ refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather.
29. The factors that can change in an experiment are called ____________________.
30. In a scientific experiment, the factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable is called the responding or ____________________ variable.
31. An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time is called a(n) ____________________ experiment.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
| Number of Chirps per Minute | |||
| Cricket | 15°C | 20°C | 25°C |
| 1 | 91 | 135 | 180 |
| 2 | 80 | 124 | 169 |
| 3 | 89 | 130 | 176 |
| 4 | 78 | 125 | 158 |
| 5 | 77 | 121 | 157 |
| Average | 83 | 127 | 168 |
32. What is the purpose of recording data in a table like the one above?
33. Is there a relationship between the number of chirps per minute and the temperature? If so, describe the relationship.
